English Literature (Class - 6)

MARIE CURIE  - By Chiranjeeb Sen

Lesson: 4 - (Page: 24)

Words-Note:

Remarkable = extraordinary, অসাধারণ।

Devote = dedicate, উৎসর্গ করা।

Gifted = talented, প্রতিভাশালী।

Maintain = sustain, বজায় রাখা / নির্বাহ করা

Scientist = man of science, বিজ্ঞানী / বৈজ্ঞানিক।

Well-to-do = rich, সমৃদ্ধ / ধনী।

Governess = mistress, গৃহশিক্ষিকা।

Discomfort = uneasiness, অস্বাচ্ছন্দ্য।

Discovery = invention, আবিষ্কার / উদ্ঘাটন।

Research = exploration, গবেষণা / অন্বেষণ।

A. Answer the following questions:

Q.1. What is the main reason that we remember Marie Curie today?

Answer: Marie Curie was a great scientist. She is remembered today due to her discovery of Radium.

Q. 2. When and where was Marie Curie born? What was her real name?

Answer: Marie Curie was born in November, 1867 in Warsaw, the capital of Poland. Skolodovska Maria was her real name.

Q. 3. Why did Marie have to stop her studies? How did she save money for further studies?

Answer: Marie's father was not a well-to-do man. They had a great financial disability. So Marie had to stop her studies.

        Marie worked as a governess in a rich family so that she saved money for further studies.

Q. 4. When and why did Marie go to Paris?

Answer: In 1891 Marie went into Paris because she wanted to study in a university there.

Q. 5. Who was Bronya? Whom did she marry?

Answer: Bronya was Marie's elder sister. She was married to a doctor in Paris.

Q. 6. In what condition Marie lived in Paris?

Answer: In Paris for sometime Marie stayed with her sister, Bronya. Then began to live in a small rented room without lights and water. In winter it became very cold and she had to study by candle light.

Q. 7. Whom did Marie marry? What did they achieve together?

Answer: Marie was married to a French scientist, Pierre Curie. They achieved the Nobel Prize in Physics together.

Q. 8. Which great prize did Marie win twice? Name both fields.

Answer: Marie Curie won the great nobel prize twice.  First in Physics and second in Chemistry.

Q. 9. Name the Madame Curie's motherland?

Answer: Madame Curie's motherland is Poland.

Q.10. What did Madame Curie do during the first World War? What made her happy at the end of the war?

Answer: During the first world war Madame Curie worked on advancing the medical use of X-ray. At the end of the war she was very happy because her motherland Poland, became free.

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The Arrow And The Song - By H. W. Longfellow

(Page No.: 22)

Answer the following questions:

Q.1. What are the things that poets send into the air?

Answer: The poet sent an arrow and a song into the air

Q. 2. Where did the poet find the arrow?

Answer: The poet found the arrow unbroken in an oak.

Q. 3. Who is the poet of the poem “The arrow and the Song”?

Answer: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is the poet of the poem, The arrow and the Song.

Q. 4. What did the poet shoot?

Answer: The poet shot an arrow.

Q. 5. Where does the poet shoot an arrow?

Answer: The poet shot an arrow into the air.

Q. 6. Where does the poet breathe a song?

Answer: The poet breathed a song into the air.

Q. 7. Where does the poet find the song?

Answer: The poet found the song in the heart of a friend.

Q. 8. Where does the song fall?

Answer: The song falls on the earth.

Q. 9. How are the arrow and the song different?

Answer: The arrow was shot and the song was breathed. One action is strong or violent, and the other is gentle.

Q.10. What does the poet mean by “the arrow and the song”?

Answer: By the arrow poet wants to mean something harsh and cruel to someone and the song is symbolic of our friendly behaviour.

Q.11. Explain the meaning of “In the heart of a friend.”

Answer: By this line the poet meant that, words and action let it be sweet or bitter, always remain in with the person, and one can find them undestroyed again.

Words-Note:

Shot = cast, নিক্ষেপ করা / গুলি করা।

Swiftly = quickly, দ্রুত গতিতে।

Sight = scene; view, দৃশ্য।

Breathed = whisper, মৃদু ব্যক্ত করা।

Keen = harsh, প্রখর।

Oak = a kind of evergreen tree, ওক গাছ।

Unbroken = unimpaired, অটুট / অভগ্ন।

Fell = drop, পতন হওয়া।

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A Legend of The Northland  - by Phoebe Cary (Page No. : 46)

A. Answer the following questions:

i) Who wrote the poem “A Legend of the Northland”?

Ans: Phoebe Cary wrote the poem “A Legend of the Northland.”

ii) Where is the Northland situated?

Ans:

iii) What do the people of Northland harness their sledges to?

Ans: The people of Northland harness their sledges to the reindeer.

iv) What did Saint Peter do during his travel around the world?

Ans: Saint Peter preached the people during his travel around the world.

v) What was the little woman doing when Saint Peter went to her?

Ans: The litt woman was making and baking cakes when Saint Peter went to her.

vi) What did Saint Peter ask for from the little woman?

And: Saint Peter asked for a cake from the little woman.

vii) What made Saint Peter angry?

Ans: The little woman's selfishness made Peter angry.

viii) What was the selfish woman changed into?

Ans: The selfish woman was changed into a woodpecker.

ix) How were the days and nights in Northland?

Ans: The days were short and the nights were very long in Northland.

x) How did the children of Northland look in their furry clothes?

Ans: The children of Northland looked like a bear’s cubs in their furry clothes.

xi) Where did Saint Peter reach while he was traveling around the world?

Ans: Saint Peter reached to the door of a woman's cottage.

xii) What did the little woman think of her cake?

Ans: The little woman thought that when she ate her cakes, they appeared very small. But when she thought of giving one to someone, they appeared very big.

xiii) Why did Saint Peter grow angry?

Ans: Saint Peter grew angry because he was hungry and faint, and the little woman was not giving him any cake.

xiv) How did Saint Peter punish the selfish woman?

Ans: Saint Peter punished the selfish woman by cursing her to be changed into a bird.

xv) From where did the selfish woman fly out after cursing?

Ans: The selfish woman flew out of the chimney after cursing.

xvi) What animal is found mainly in the Northland?

Ans: Reindeers are found mainly in the Northland.

xvii) What was the little woman doing at the time when Saint Peter came to the woman's door?

Ans: The little woman was baking cakes when Saint Peter came to the cottage.

xviii) Where did the little woman put the cakes?

Ans: The little woman put the cakes on the shelf.

xix) Why are the people in the Northland not able to sleep throughout the night?

Ans: The people in the Northland are not able to sleep throughout the night because the nights are intensely cold and much longer than the days.

xx) Why did Saint Peter stop at the cottage of the little woman?

Ans: The little woman was baking cakes. Saint Peter was very hungry and weak from travel and fasting. So, he stopped at the cottage of the little woman hoping to get something to eat.

xxi) How did the woman behave when Saint Peter asked her for a cake?

Ans: Saint Peter was very tired and hungry when he came to the door of the woman's cottage, and the woman was baking cakes then. He asked her for a single cake. The woman baked a small cake for him. But then she thought it was too big to give away. She made a smaller cake. But she thought it was as big as the first one. Now she made a very tiny cake. It was as thin as a wafer. Even this one seemed to her too large to give away. She placed all the cakes on her shelf and she did not give the Saint Peter any cake.

xxii) What moral does the poem “A Legend of the Northland” teach?

Ans: The legend of the Northland teaches that human beings must practice kindness, generosity and empathy with others, especially the poor and the needy. They should always be ready to share whatever little they have, for God helps those who help other children of the same God.

B. Tick ☑.     the True statements and cross ( ✖ ) the False ones:

i) False ; ii) True ; iii) False ; iv) True ; v) False ; vi) True ; vii) True ; viii) True

 Word-Meanings:  

Curious = strange ; অদ্ভুত; কৌতূহলী।

Saint = holy person ; সাধু ; ঋষি।

Preaching = giving sermons ; ধর্ম প্রচার।

Harness = fasten to the cart ; গাড়িতে বাঁধা।

Swift = fast ; দ্রুত; ক্ষিপ্রগতি।

Reindeer = a kind of deer ; বল্গাহরিণ।

Sledge = a cart which moves on snow ; বরফের উপর চালিত একপ্রকারের গাড়ি।

Bear's cub = young ones of bear ; ভালুক ছানা।

Furry = made of fur ; লোমযুক্ত ; লোমের তৈরী।

Cottage = hut; small bungalow ; কুঁড়েঘর।

Hearth = fireplace ; চুল্লি / উনান।

Faint = very weak ; দুর্বল ; ক্ষীণ।

Fasting = starvation ; eating little or no food ; উপবাস ; ব্রতকথা।

Seemed = appeared ; প্রতীয়মান হওয়া; বোধ হওয়া।

Kneaded = moulded ; চটকানো।

Large = big ; বৃহৎ ; বড়।

Tiny = very small ; অতিক্ষুদ্র ; খুব ছোট।

Scrap = small piece ; ক্ষুদ্র টুকরো।

Dough = flour ; রুটি বানানোর জন্য মাখা আটা।

Wafer = thin bread or biscuit ; পাতলা রুটি বা বিস্কুট।

Grew = became ; জন্মানো, হয়ে ওঠা।

Provoke = make someone angry ; উত্তেজিত করা ; খেপান ; রাগান্বিত করা।

Selfish = thinking of one's own self ;স্বার্থপর।

Dwell = live বাস করা ; থাকা।

Scanty = very little ; অতি অল্প ; পরিমাণে খুব কম।

Boring = making holes ; খননকার্য।

Woodpecker = a kind of bird ;কাঠঠোকরা পাখি।

Scarlet = bright red ; টকটকে লাল।

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THE WIND - THE WEATHER

By Christina Rossetti (Page No. - 60)

A. Answer the following questions:

Q.1. When do we know that the wind is passing through?

Answer: When the leaves hang trembling then we know that the wind is passing through.

Q.2. When do we know that the wind is passing by?

Answer: When the leaves bow down their heads then we know that the wind is passing by.

Q.3. How do we know that the wind never relaxes?

Answer: The wind is always wandering here and there, so we know that the wind does not relax.

Q.4. Write three situations that we know that the wind is blowing?

Answer: When the leaves hang trembling, leaves of trees bow down and wind whistling then we know that the wind is blowing.

Q.5. Who is the poet of the poem “The Wind, The Weather”?

Answer: Christina Rossetti is the poet of the poem “The Wind, The Weather”.

B. Make sentences of your own with the following words:

i) Trembling : Leaves are trembling due to wind pressure.

ii) Wandering : The monk is wandering around the village.

iii) Snow : The colour of snow is white.

iv) Weather : Today is cloudy weather.

v) Dim : Dim the kamp please.

vi) Hang : Hang the bell outside the room.

vii) To and fro : The boy is walking to and fro along the road.

viii) Passing by : The man is passing by in front of me.

C. Read the statements below. Write [C] beside the correct ones, and [NC] beside those not correct:

i) We can only feel the wind, never see it. [Correct]

ii) We can not hear the wind. [Not Correct]

iii) The wind is different in different kinds of weather. [Correct]

iv) The wind blows from the north and west only. [Not Correct]

v) Leaves make sounds when the wind blows through them. [Correct]

D. Word-Meanings:

Snow : ice ; তুষার / বরফ।

Bringing : fetching ; আনা।

Bow down : humble ; নত হওয়া / নীচু হওয়া।

Whistling : beep ; শিষ দেওয়া।

Neither : not this and not that ; দুটির মধ্যে কোনটি নয়।

Whatever : anything ; যাহা কিছু / কোন না কোন।

Whether : if ; দুইয়ের মধ্যে কোনটি / কিনা।

Weather : climate ; আবহাওয়া / জলবায়ু।

Passing by : moving ; চলন্ত।

To and fro : here and there ; এদিক-ওদিক / ইতস্তত।

Wandering : roaming ; ঘুরে বেড়ান।

Trembling : shivering ; কম্পিত।

Hang : swing ; ঝুলানো।

Dim : feeble ; অনুজ্জ্বল / ক্ষীণ।

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The Moon  - By Pradip K. Sen

Lesson - 10 (Page No. : 82)

B. Answer the following questions:

Q.1. What does the moon look like in the night sky?

Answer: In the night sky, the moon looks like a bright gold disc.

Q.2. What was the legend about the moon in western mythology?

Answer: In western mythology, the moon was called the Goddess Diana, who was the partner of sun-god Apollo.

Q.3. What was the moon actually?

Answer: The moon is a satellite of the planet earth, and it goes round our planet constantly.

Q.4. What is the temperature on the moon during the day?

Answer: During the day, the temperature on the moon rises to 120° Celsius.

Q.5. What is the distance of the moon from the earth?

Answer: The moon is at a distance of 3,84,400 kilometers from the earth.

Q.6. Why is it not possible for human beings or other animals to live on the moon?

Answer: The moon has no atmosphere to protect the strong rays of the sun. It is heated to 120° celsius during the day and it is frozen to -150° celsius at night, which is not conducive to the survival of creatures. There is also no food and water system. So it is not possible for human or other animals to live on the moon.

Q.7. Who was the first man to land on the moon? When did he land on the moon?

Answer: Neil Armstrong landed first on the moon. He landed on the moon on July 20, 1969.

Q.8. What have we come to know by watching the moon through large telescopes?

Answer: By watching the moon through powerful telescopes we have come to know that the dark lines, curves and circles that we see on the moon are actually mountains, valleys and large holes.

Q.9. Why does everything weigh six times less on the moon than on the earth?

Answer: The gravity of the moon is much less than the gravity of the earth. So everything weighs six times less on the moon than on the earth.

Q.10. The moon has no light of its own, but why does the moon look brighter?

Answer: The moon has no light of its own but it shines with borrowed light. It is actually the reflection of sunlight on it. So the moon looks brighter.

Q.11. How do people express their love for the moon?

Answer: People express their love for the moon in various ways. Poets write songs to the moon, artists paint views with the moon and children listen to fairy tales about the moon to their grandmother. That is how people express their love for the moon.